The boiling point of oxygen at a 1 atmosphere pressure and 0 deg C is minus 182.9 deg C and that at 6 atmosphere pressure and 0 deg C is minus 160.7 deg C. It is based on the fact that the different constituent gasses of air have different boiling points and by manipulating the immediate environment in terms of temperature and pressure, the air can be separated into its components. The cryogenic air separation technology utilizes difference in boiling points of gases for their separation. They can produce products as gases or liquids. However, the use of this technology is restricted for the applications needing the gases in high quantities normally above several hundred tons of the separated gases per day. Cryogenic air separation plants are most commonly used to produce high purity gaseous products. In spite of other emerging technologies of air separation, cryogenics air separation technology remains the basic technology for oxygen production. Cryogenic air separation plants (ASP) are characterized by very good quality of the products, big capacities, and high reliabilities. The cryogenic process was first developed by Carl Von Linde in 1895 and improved by George Claude in the 1900s to produce oxygen on a small scale for meeting the requirements of various industrial processes such as welding, and cutting and as a medical gas.Ĭryogenic air separation on industrial scale started in the beginning of 20th century fostering the development of metallurgy and other branches of industry highly dependent on the availability of oxygen, nitrogen, and finally argon. Air separation plants can produce more than three times more nitrogen than oxygen, but a nitrogen-to-oxygen product ratio of 1:1 to 1.5:1 is normally maintained. These plant produce oxygen which is typically 90 % to 95.5 % pure or nitrogen which is typically 95.5 % to 99.5 % oxygen free. Air separation plants employing non cryogenic air separation technologies produce gaseous oxygen or nitrogen products using near ambient temperature separation processes. All air separation plants employ either non cryogenic based technologies or cryogenic based technologies. All air separation processes start with compression of air. Some plants also produce argon either as a gas, or a liquid, or both. Out of these technologies, cryogenic air separation technology is in a mature stage of its life cycle, thus making it the only feasible means from the presently available technologies for the mass production of air products such as oxygen, nitrogen, and argon.Īir separation technologies are used for the production of oxygen and / or nitrogen as gases and sometimes as liquid products. Some of the technologies being used today include cryogenic, adsorption, chemical processes, polymeric membranes, and ion transport membrane (ITM). In other words, an air separation technology is based on the fact that each of the constituent gases of air has different physical properties and hence, air separation is realized through exploiting a physical property such as (i) distinguishing between molecule sizes of the constituent gases, (ii) distinguishing between difference in diffusion rates through certain materials, (iii) adsorption preference which special materials have towards certain gases, and (iv) difference in boiling temperatures etc. There different air separation technologies which are available at present, each one aimed at exploiting different attributes with regard to the difference in physical properties between the constituent gases of the air. The separation of air into its constituent gases is done through the implementation of a specific air separation technology.
The rare gasses like, for example, argon, krypton can be recovered as byproducts of the air separation process. Oxygen and nitrogen are produced by means of an air separation process, which entails the separation of air into its constituents. Ambient air can contain varying amount of water vapour (depending upon humidity) and other gases produced by natural processes and human activities. Dry air contains by volume around 78.08 % of nitrogen, around 20.95 % of oxygen, and around 0.93 % of argon along with traces of a number of other gases like hydrogen, neon, helium, krypton, xenon, and carbon dioxide. air separation, compression, cryogenic, Distillation, GAN, GAR, GOX, heat exchanger, ITM technology, LAR, LIN, LOX ,Īir has a composition of various gasses, of which nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) collectively account for around 99.03 % of the total sample volume.
0 kommentar(er)
